The first was given in the late evening on Monday, under the auspices of the European Commission's Science, technology, research and innovation day. Halland's presentation was titled Growing CO₂ capture and storage for rapid & significant emission reductions.

CCS stands for carbon capture and storage

In her presentation – and during the following round of questions – Halland established that it is safe to store carbon dioxide (CO₂) on the Norwegian continental shelf.

"We have an enormous capacity for storage on the Norwegian shelf, we have the needed expertise, we have the regulations, and we have the data skills," she says.

Extended experience

In the latter, Halland is referring to knowledge built on 50 years of petroleum production and 25 years of experience storing CO₂.

The technology needed to store CO₂ safely includes subsea facilities, pipelines, wells and monitoring the reservoir. This is done using seismic and pressure control.

When asked whether CCS could be a significant factor in the world's endeavours to cut emissions, Halland responds with a conditional "yes".

"What's needed is to start projects involving capture and transport. And the players need to create a sustainable business model for the entire value chain; who pays for what," she says.

The Longship project on the Norwegian shelf is such a project.

Volumes

So, what kind of volumes are we talking about? Over 25 years, 26 million tonnes of CO2 have been stored on the Norwegian shelf. Is that a lot?
The Longship project is planning to initially store 1.5 million tonnes annually, and will then ramp up capacity.

"We've estimated that 80 billion tonnes of CO₂ can be stored in the entire North Sea Basin. That's a lot," she says.

Halland is working on a project to possibly find a CCS solution for the world's largest emission point, the Sasol coal power plant in South Africa. It emits 60-65 million tonnes annually. In comparison, Norway emits a total of approx. 40 million tonnes annually.

New presentation

Halland will give her second presentation on Saturday, under the auspices of the UN platform UNFCCC and under the topic Accelerating along the pathway to net-zero with large scale carbon dioxide removal and storage.

Halland's presentation is titled CO₂ capture and storage - success stories and challenges for upscaling deployment.

"I'll be promoting many of the same messages, but I'll be putting more emphasis on the importance of a sustainable business model," she says.

She found her success stories in Norway in the Sleipner area in the North Sea, on the Snøhvit field in the Barents Sea and at the test centre at Mongstad, north of Bergen.

Read more about carbon storage.

Busy week

"This is a week where CCS will be constantly churning in my mind. I'll be following the events in Glasgow from my home office, and I'll be trying to catch the major discussions and prepare myself for the questions I might face.

"I'm moderately optimistic about the outcome of the conference in Glasgow, because this is a challenging topic," she acknowledges.

"It was incredibly exciting to be asked to give two presentations and participate in the subsequent panel debates. This is the first time the NPD is participating in a climate summit, and this is likely the most important arena we can visit this year. I hope I can help put the NPD on the map as an important communicator of knowledge and expert resource for the CCS area," she says.

The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate has mapped potential CO2 storage sites on the Norwegian continental shelf, and this effort resulted in an atlas. The atlas shows that it is possible to store more than 80 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide on the shelf, which corresponds to 1000 years of current Norwegian CO2 emissions. (Photo: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate/Monica Larsen)